PROJECTS

1.

A densely populated country like Bangladesh is repelete with hundreds and thousands of problems. To meet up the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) of UNO it is staggeringly striving. Six out of the eight goals of MDGs are related to children and children affairs. The present study focuses on the dilapidated demonstration of children in a slum area i.e. basti and it is Ghop Slum of Jessore. For a minute look it delves deeper into the slum of a city area and unearths a vivid picture of the poverty-stricken, thatched, unending den of diseases and depot of helpless and hopeless children as well as their parents. It is pertinent to mention here that this study is a miniature in itself of the children, their health status, their housing facilities, sanitation, nutrition, causes of diseases and processes of treatment as well as the functions of multifarious organizations and their limitations and prospects. The result and recommendations along with the study are indeed of accelerated assistance to the researchers, students, teachers, doctors, developers, environmentalist as well as workers of GOs and NGOs for the upliftment of the most neglected class in any third world country.

2.

Energy is a critical commodity. But the world is facing a great energy crisis. Due to global energy crisis renewable energy has become a vital concern in the world. The present study has conducted to find out the comparison between solar and wind energy for household electrification in the Latachapli union, Patuakhali district of Bangladesh to meet the energy demand to some extent in a sustainable way. To calculate the solar energy global horizontal radiation has considered and wind power has calculated by Weibull probability density function. All calculation has made for 75wp PV panel and Air-X wind turbine. 6% household has taken to complete the questionnaire survey. In the study area 21% household are electrified of which Rural Electrification Board (REB) cover only 15%. Their daily average demand is 250-300 watt of which 96% is used for lighting and fan purpose. To get electricity facilities from solar, wind and combined system, the cost for per KWh will be 26Tk, 21Tk and 22Tk respectively. Based on the average demand of respondents one combined system can meet the demand of three families and will be able to provide a good performance round the year. Obviously renewable energy can not compete with the traditional energy. But considering one combine system, it can replace national grid by meeting three family’s demand and the benefit-cost (B/C) ratio became 0.738. Again in the study area 79% households were not electrified. They mainly use kerosene burning lamp for lighting purpose which release a lot of CO₂ gas into the atmosphere with the other harmful gasses like CO, SO₂. This study results that one combined system can replace 43 kerosene burning lamp which meets demand of 21 families, as one family need an average 2 lamp. Furthermore their average demand of kerosene is 3.7 liter/month. In this context one combined system can able to save 47.92 tones of CO₂ through its life time. Considering per liter kerosene cost and cost of CO₂ in the global market B/C ratio became 5.138. From the survey it was found that among 131, 109 respondents want to get electricity from other sources and majority of them want to bear its cost as monthly installment. Like other country some renewable energy technology has already introduced in Bangladesh. To face the coming future, it should increase research and people’s awareness about renewable energy for sustainable development

3.
Water is a scarce resource and an essential element for the living beings including humans, especially for the fresh water resources. Although water is abandon in the earth, but the useable form is limited. Yet many millions of people around the world face water shortages. In this situation, water is exported from many developing countries as the hidden way like theft, virtual water- the amount of water needs to produce up to a unit amount of a specific product. In Bangladesh, Shrimp production is the second largest export sector of Bangladesh after ready made garments. A gigantic amount of water is used to its production processes (such as fry to adult shrimp and then to the marketable processed products) of this product. From this observation, it is found that 15,178.456 and 11,503.5987 liter water is used to produce only one kilogram tiger shrimp in extensive (90% of total shrimp production) and improve-extensive farming system but only 4,910.5575 liter water is required to produce it from semi-intensive farming in Bangladesh. In the Fiscal Year 2004-05, Bangladesh exports 25,046 metric ton tiger shrimp only from Khulna region to earn foreign currency, but export enormous amount of virtual water from our country. The concept of virtual water links a large range of sectors and issues that revolve around relieving pressures on water resources, ensuring food security, developing global and regional water markets. The research find out that around 382.88 Gm³ virtual water would be exported from Khulna region in the Fiscal Year 2004-05 by exportation if that produced from traditional system. However, if this production comes from semi-intensive culture system, the produced virtual water would be only 125.159 Gm³ water. Therefore, it is now clear that how much water the country lost every year as a virtual form, although it can save a significant amount of water by using the improved technology. Again, as Shrimp is one of the major export articles but the country can not overlook the environmental degradation mainly in the water sector caused by shrimp farming, such as water logging, salinization, resource-used conflicts, and so on, the policy-maker of the government of Bangladesh should think virtual water footprint tax or other cost of black tiger shrimp for the whole sustainability of shrimp production as well as the country as a whole. Finally, the research will recommend a policy guideline for the sustainable shrimp production of Bangladesh

4.

NOISE, sound of independent loudness can be considered as an environmental pollutant and identified as a waste product generated in conjunction with various anthropogenic activities. This noise has become a hazardous, generally in all animal life and especially for the human being in urban situation. This research has identified activities for economic developmental, such as urbanization, industrialization and motorization are the main sources of noise. The research also identified that the produced noise has a significant impacts on physical and mental health among human being in urbanized Khulna alike other urban cities of Bangladesh, especially the urban people where more affected group is students. The research also finds out that the south-western parts of urbanized Khulna are characterized as nosiest areas. Because the average level of noise remains far above the allowable limit at most of the time, despite of low-level of industrialization and motorization in urbanized Khulna. This situation is expected to worsen farther with the economic development. Consideration of the mentioned state, this study illustrates the average level of noise pollution of Khulna district and describes the corresponding health effects on the mass people. This situation is compared between the up-to-date situation of urban and rural settings. The calculated noise pollution level is closely related with traffic volume, and vehicles number and quality, such as trucks, buses, auto rickshaw, construction activities, machineries and other anthropogenic actions. Noise levels in different areas have been measured by using two different standard noise level meters to minimize the error and increase the more precision. Noise level reduces linearly with distance unless any noise-reducing barrier is used. By using specific model, the relation between distance and noise level variation established practically during the data collection. It is observed that the average level of noise at urban setting exceeds the allowable limit at almost every location including sensitive points like hospitals, schools and other such areas. Natural sources of noise and their effects have also been identified for comparison of the study. In addition, secondary sources of noise are also considered for the comparison purpose. Information about noise effects have been collected through social survey as people’s perception by using some selected questionnaire that applies both urban and rural areas. The collected information of health effects again consulted with relevant ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) experts. The analyzed result reveals that most of the relevant affected stakeholders who suffering from noise pollution are Headache, Bad temper, Sleeplessness, Aggravation, Hearing problems. Finally the research will recommends some appropriate solutions on how the noise pollution can be controlled through the establishment of sustainable policy strategies at national and local levels.

02
Student Number	:	011006
Name of the Student	:	MAHMUDULHAQUE
Contact address	:	C/O-MD. AZIZUL HAQUE HOUSE NO -131 MAHTABUDDIN ROAD NEW COURT PARA KUSHTIA
Name of the Supervisor	:
Abstract
Rivers are the glory of Bangladesh. Virtually the whole country is laced and criss-crossed by rivers-both big and small. Bangladesh is one of the fortunate countries with more water resource per capita than most other countries of the world. This is mainly due to the rivers that flow in from neighboring countries, which underlines our dependence on international water-sharing agreements. But in winter season four hundred rivers in Bangladesh are dying out. River dying has severe impact on agriculture, employment, and various environmental phenomena. The study area was selected according to the objectives of the study. Simple random sampling was selected for the study. Fourty respondents were selected from three villages for questionnaire survey Once upon a time the river Nalua was a big river even large launches used to pass through the river. Production of T. aman and shrimp was high. But now a days it has been totally dying up.  In my study I have found that during 1970 the production of T. aman per bigha was 20 mounds but after dying out of the river it is only 3 bigha per mons. In the rainy season water can not pass through the river due to the height o the bed of the river. So water logging problem exists there. Salinity is high due to low volume of upstream water. Before dying out of the river numbers of ghers in those villages were 400 and after dying out it was 50. Production of shrimp (mounds/ bigha) is 2 and 1.5 mounds /bigha before and after dying out of the river. Numbers of persons engaged in ghers were 800 before dying out of the river and only 50 after dying out the river.

02
Student Number	:	011007
Name of the Student	:	Md. Saifur Rahman Sarker
Contact address	:	C/O: Md. Faridur Rahman Sarker Vill: Damodar(Uttar para) Thana+Post: Fultala Khulna
Name of the Supervisor	:	MD. Abdullah yousuf al harun.
A SCENARIO OF WASTE PRODUCTION FROM LEATHER INDUSTRY AND IT’S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A Case Study from Abhaynagar Thana of Jessore District
Abstract
Bangladesh has a good number of leather processing industries which are very important to its economy. But at the same time we can not ignore the adverse impacts of pollution generated from these industries both on the workers and on the surrounding environment. Leather industries are grouped as red marked polluting industries by the department of environment. Solid waste as well as liquid waste is the major pollutants of these industries. This research work have been carried out to identify the wastes generated from various steps of leather processing and to observe the fate of tannery waste in and around the SAF tannery in Noapara, Jessore. The study was conducted on the basis of both primary data and secondary data. The primary data has been collected through Focus Group Discussion. During the processing of the hides and skin into various types of leathers, huge quantity of untanned waste such as hide trimmings, fleshing, hair etc. and tanned waste such as chrome and vegetable tanned trimmings, shavings etc. are generated. During wetblue processing a huge amount of effluent is being produced which is discharged into the Bhairab River without any treatment. Solid wastes are pilled and staked by the southern corner of the SAF industry and in the confined spaces of buildings and walls. The wastes also produces odor after decomposition which is very unhygienic. The industry is not using the solid waste into value added products rather dumping at the bank of Bhairab River and degrading the river ecosystem as well as the surrounding environment.

02
Student Number	:	011009
Name of the Student	:	Jahangir Murshidi
Contact address	:	House no. GA – 193 Flat no. C-2 Second floor Mohakhali School Road Dhaka-1212.
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Quazi ZAhangir Hossain
Abstract
The research work is the comparison of living environment between planned (Sonadanga) and unplanned (Shekh para) residential area in Khulna city. To compare the living environment some particular parameters (such as- housing condition, road facilities, drainage facilities, solid waste management, open space, water supply and social security) has been selected for this study.  From the study, it has proved that the living environment of planned residential area is better than unplanned residential area. A planned area aims at giving satisfaction both in the indoor and outdoor life. It tries to give comfort in personal life through ventilation, improved utility and services, access provisions, good housing and amenity. On the other hand in the outdoor, it provides good circulation, pollution control, good service and facility, management etc. But in unplanned area these types of utilities are either absent or in lower degree. This study may be helped to reduce the distance of living environment quality among planned and unplanned residential areas. So, the exploration of the existing condition of living environment in the planned and unplanned areas will be helped to identify those factors which are responsible to influence the living environment.

02
Student Number	:	011010
Name of the Student	:	Md. Jobiar miah
Contact address	:	C/O:Abdul Sukur Sheik Vill: Babu Mollah Kandi Post: Charjanajat P.S: Shibchar Dist: Madaripur
Name of the Supervisor	:	Abul Kalam Azad.
Assessing the potential impacts of the proposed Padma Bridge on the surrounding environment
Abstract
Under the present circumstance, the building of the Padma Bridge is of outmost importance for Bangladesh to connect the people of the south-western region of Bangladesh with the capital city as well as the other part of Bangladesh. Therefore the construction of the proposed bridge would have a tremendous effect on the overall economic development of this region. But like other development activities construction of the bridge also has many environmental effects. Many of these effects are desirable, including broadening the range of goods and services available for people to purchase and consume, which raise agriculture production, roadside plantation, increase land value, income, tourist spot development, easy means to communication etc. The objectives of the study to know the base line condition of the bridge area and to assess the carbon monoxide (CO) and noise pollution impacts near roadways. An assessment of ecological and human interest related impacts after the construction of bridge has been performed. For assessing the air pollution problems, CALINE4 model, a simple line source dispersion model that predict carbon monoxide (CO) impact near roadway during worst- case wind angle was used. Noise pollution level was measured by using standard noise level meter. Ecological and human interest related impacts were assessed through questionnaire survey to the people, farmers and boatmen. The results of the study reveal that the level of carbon monoxide (CO) at the different roadway intersection receptor positions of the highway is undesirable. Highest concentration was predicted in winter evening (6.1 ppm) in panchar and in winter morning (6 ppm) in the same area for the year 2006. The predicted CO in the year (2020) will increase adversely, the highest conc. (10.8 pm) in winter morning and in winter evening (12.2 ppm)in the same area. The predicted CO conc. is very worse in winter season compared with summer season. Highest average noise level (83.14dB) was found in present road and lowest average noise level (42 dB) was found in proposed road.          Some native fishes will be affected such as Shing, Magur, Bain, Sorputi, Boal, Royna, etc, after the construction of bridge. Maximum 38% respondent’s think that wildlife resource condition will be worse and the cultivation of cash crop will improve. Present land value range 5000-10000 TK. for 43% land of the study area. This value will increase up to 50000 TK. River water can be polluted from growing industries, processing units, trading centers and from drainage outfall.  The study would also develop some mitigation measures that help the concerned authorities to reduce the impacts to acceptable level.

02
Student Number	:	011013
Name of the Student	:	MD.Khasrul Amin.
Contact address	:	C/O-Md. Abdus Samad Gazi Village-Monohorpur Post-Raj Gonj Thana-Monirampur District-Jessore.
Name of the Supervisor	:	Professor Dr. Md. Salequzzaman
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE AQUATIC INVASIVE SPECIES  OF BANGLADESH: A Case Study of the Mongla Port Area of Bagerhat District.
Abstract
Invasion of aquatic species is one of major problem in most of the port areas in recent world. Introduction of invasive species in the port area is certainly adding up a new paradigm of troublemaker in the coastal area. Mongla port of Bangladesh is not an exception from this episode. Invasion of exotic species cause ecosystem destruction and declination of the biological diversity. An invasive species once introduced and established in an open aquatic system, non-indigenous aquatic species have proven impossible to eliminate from that habitat and sometime become very much destructive for both economy and environment. This research alleges the probable environmental impact of the deliberated invasion in the Mongla port area. Therefore, to identify different invasive species several biological samples were collected, preserved and analyzed from the confluence of river Pussur on Mongla port and the adjacent area around the Sundarbans and fishermen were visited at the time of fishing. The pussur river water ballast water sample was also collected, preserved and analyzed to find out the physicochemical quality dissimilarity and also to find out the probable environmental impact arise by it. Finally, the researches find out some invasive species and probable environmental impact caused by them.

02
Student Number	:	011017
Name of the Student	:	Sushanta Mandal
Contact address	:	C/O: Vollanath Mandal Village-Khamarbati Post Office.-Aranghata Thana- Dumuria District.-Khulna
Name of the Supervisor	:	M. M. Safiqur Rahman.
Per Capita Water Budget -A Case Study of the Village Khamarbati, Under Dumuria Upazilla of Khulna District
Abstract
Bangladesh is a developing country with high density of population among them 97% of the population had access to water from improved source (tube well, dug well or tape). About 30% of the earths freshwater is found as groundwater, while only about1% or about 200,000 cubic kilometers (km3), of it is easily accessible for human use in lakes, rivers, and shallow aquifers. . This project thesis presents the situation of water resources and the per capita annual water cost in the village Khamarbati  of Dumdria upazilla in Khulna district . The study has been carried on the basis of both primary data and secondary data. The primary data was collected through open questionnaire. The main source of safe drinking water in the village is tube-well. The people of this village also use other sources like pond, khan, beel etc. The annual per capita water budget in this village is 1160.88TK which is around 10% of their total income for collection, preservation and resource management. Access to safe drinking water is a fundamental right for mankind and government is responsible to ensure this.In the village Khamarbati the inhabitants are sharing costs with the government to meet their one of the basic needs. Well built-up public awareness of the potential danger due to unsafe water is playing the key role for this.

02
Student Number	:	011019
Name of the Student	:	Ananda Kumar Sen
Contact address	:	C/O- Sunil Krishna Mazumder,                            Village- Charakhali,                            Upazilla-Zianagar,                             Zilla-Pirojpur                             Bangladesh.
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Rakib uddin.
Effects of Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change (RVCC) project of CARE-Shushilan partnership on the socio-economic condition of the households A Case Study on Munshigonj Union under Shyamnagar Thana of Satkhira District, Bangladesh.
Abstract
The southwest region of Bangladesh, subsequently west part of coastal Bangladesh is a flat, low lying, and deltaic tidal flood plain. About 10 million people of this region are exposed to various climatic vulnerabilities as well as disasters such as tropical cyclones, floods, increasing salinity, water logging, sea level rise etc. Shrimp culture is commercially more profitable than rice cultivation. The landowners are more interested in leasing out their lands to the shrimp farmers at a relatively higher rate, which engulfing vast areas under saline water leading to Salinization of land. This will drastically reduce sources of fresh water for agriculture and human use. Higher temperatures along with increased salinity and more areas becoming waterlogged will seriously affect both agriculture and fisheries. Existing local infrastructure may also be jeopardized. Biodiversity of the coastal zone, including the Sundarbans, will be under greater threat and many species of flora and fauna may become extinct The study reflects on the socio-economic conditions of the households of MunshigonjUnion under Shyamnagar Thana of Satkhira District. Who are involved in Shrimp culture, Apiculture, fishing, Homestead vegetable cultivation, Poultry,  Mele cultivation, Saline tolerant non-rice crop production, Cage aqua culture, Food processing, Vaccination etc.  In order to establish some basic information on the socio- economy of households the survey was conducted through questionnaire on the various socio-economic parameters .All the collected information were accumulated and analyzed and were presented in graphs, figures and tables. The study had revealed that most of the farmers 36 % were possessed with cow/ goat/hen/duck.. Majority of farmers 80 % have taken loan from banks or NGOs.. Almost 98 % farmers household used tube-well water for drinking purpose and 88 % farmers household used sanitary latrines. Maximum (78 %) farmers were exposed to different types of diseases and about (43 %) of them taken allopathic treatment. Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change( RVCC­) Project have provided Storm resistance tree, Storm resistance to mitigate storm  .The project have enhanced the  public awareness about climate change. To meet salinity the project have provided different alternatives strategies ( such as Poultry, Carbfattening, Mele cultivation,Food processing, etc). Technical support and culture training provided by the Project have developed the socio-economic condition of the villagers.

02
Student Number	:	011004
Name of the Student	:	Uthpal Kumar Roy
Contact address	:	Vill. Bagdurgapur;    P/O. Kansat Bazar Thana: Shibgonj Dist. Chapai-Nawabgonj
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Subrota Kumar Saha
Geochemical Characterization of Groundwater in Chapai-Nawabgonj Municipality Area, Bangladesh
Abstract
Groundwater is the most important source of fresh water supply for drinking and domestic purposes (97%) in Bangladesh. This study was conducted on geochemical characterization of groundwater in Chapai-Nawabgonj Municipality area which is situated in the northwestern part of Bangladesh and southwestern part of Chapai-Nawabgonj District with an area of 24.6 sq. km. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the major sources of water chemistry and its suitability for portable and domestic needs. To complete this research work, 20 sample were collected from 15 different ward located in the Chapai-Nawabgonj Municipality area and analyzed to characterize the water geochemically. The analysis reveals that the major chemical composition of groundwater is controlled by the rock-water interaction in the aquifer. The chemical constituent of water is mostly HCO3- type with Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- association and shows temporary hardness of water in Municipality boundary. The major parameters concentrations suggest that water quality of shallow aquifer in Chapai-Nawabgonj is quite satisfactory and meets the standard guideline value of drinking water of DoE, Bangladesh and WHO.

02
Student Number	:	011030
Name of the Student	:	Md. Rabiul Islam
Contact address	:	C/O-Md.Abdul Mannan Mollah Vill-Khejurbaria Post-Parulia Thana-Debhata Dist-Satkhira
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Abdullah Harun Chowdhury                                                                                                                                               Assistant professor
Physico-chemical conditions and Phytoplankton diversity of fresh water Gher in Debhata, Satkhira
Abstract
Phytoplankton diversity in relation to physico-chemical conditions of fresh water Gher in Debhata near Satkhira has been studied from June 2005 to December 2005 at three different spots. It comprises an area with a complex and rich habitat for many species of flora and fauna coexist.  The inland open water resources of the existing extent and magnitude should harbor and support population of a large varieties of aquatic species organisms. The area is important both economically and ecologically. Important physical and chemical factors prevailing in the study area were determined viz, air temperature, water temperature, TDS, pH, EC, free CO2, DO, BOD5, carbonate and bicarbonate alkalinity, salinity, phosphate, chloride. Water temperature was always less than the surrounding air temperature and varied within 2 ˚C to 10˚C. The nature of water was alkaline and pH value varied from 7.2 to 8.2 Electric conductivity ranged from 6 to 46 ms, dissolve oxygen content varied 5.2 to 6.2 mg/l, transparency of water varied 32to 65 cm, TDS varied from 7 to 37 gm/l, free CO2 from 6 to33 mg/l, carbonate alkalinity was always nil, bicarbonate alkalinity varied 3.2 to79 mg/l, BOD5 from 2.4 to 6.7 mg/l, total hardness varied from 165 to 874 mg/l, calcium hardness from 74 to 393 mg/l, magnesium hardness varied 90 to 564 mg/l, salinity from 0.04to 0.15ppt and /0.05to.14 mg/l total phosphate were recorded. The phytoplankton abundance varied from 1365 to 3993 units /l. Attempts have been made wherever possible, to attribute the reasons for the changes of physico-chemical factors and their relationship with phytoplankton. Spirogyra, Coleochaete, Calothrix, Gloeotrichia  were the dominant species in phytoplankton community. All recorded plankton was present in the month of October with high abundance. Present study reveals that the plankton population is depending on many factors such as temperature, salinity, dissolve oxyzen, low nutrient. During this month temperature and salinity were lower in all spot than the other sampling period. The highest abundance of Spirogyra sp.was recorded in spot-1 which constitute 54.39% of the total plankton population. Similar observations also made by Kunter(1975) and Ricard (1984).Spirogyra collinsii was the second dominant species of Spirogyra genera and constituting 10.01% of the total phytoplankton population. Present study indicate that the seasonal variation was also responsible for changing the phytoplankton population.

02
Student Number	:	011031
Name of the Student	:	Ramkrishno Das
Contact address	:	Vill. + P.O.: Hakimpur, P.S. + Dist.: Bagerhat, Bangladesh.
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Dilip Kumar Datta
Nature of Dissolve Solute Load in the Water from Aquifer of Bagerhat Municipality
Abstract
Fresh water is a crucial need for the survival of human as well as all lives. The portability of drinking water must be ensured otherwise it will be hazardous for all. Dissolve solute load of water is the total solute load that makes a basis for determining the chemistry of water. In order to characterize the aquifer water quality of Bagerhat municipality, an analysis on twenty one different samples was completed. The study also includes the area of East Saira from where drinking water were supplied to Bagerhat Municipality. Various chemical parameters have been analyzed, among  those, Ca2+ and Cl- concentration  exceeded the permissible limits at some sampling points. It is found that chemistry of the permanently hard to saline ground water of the Municipality area is controlled by rock water interaction along with evaporation crystallization dominance. The study also reveals that ground water of East Saira (that are supplied to the municipality)  has been deteriorated due to salt water intrusion as a result of excessive water withdrawal. So, the utilization of ground water must be synchronized to prevent further deteriorations and degradation of ground water quality of that region.

02
Student Number	:	011032
Name of the Student	:	Md. Iqbal Hossain
Contact address	:	C/O- Md. Nowabali Sarder                                                     Village- Mothbari                                                     P.O- Baratia                                                     Thana- Dumuria, Khulna
Name of the Supervisor	:
Abstract
Environmental conservation is timely demand to make this earth livable for future days and is considering as the measurement index of economic development of any country. Leather Producing Industry, one of the leading export earning sectors of our country is a multifarious environment polluting industry. Leather industry has been facing a global challenge with respect to the ecological concern raised by some of its waste streams. The project thesis has conducted to detect the various types of toxic elements, their concentration and physico-chemical properties of tannery effluent of Shaikh Akij and Family (SAF) industry limited with some suggestions for minimizing the toxic elements. The study was carried out mainly on the basis of primary data. In this study, 14 water quality parameters have been measured carefully and sincerely. From the laboratory analysis it was found that DO, which is very essential for aquatic lives was totally absent and the BOD value was very high that is not favorable for aquatic ecosystem. It was also found that the average concentration of  sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca+) magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl-),  phosphate (PO43-), Sulphide(S2-), and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) value was 696.66, 2466.66, 248, 10226, 729 and 928 mg/l respectively and the average alkalinity was 150 in terms of mg CaCO3/l. None of this value satisfies the acceptable limit suggested by the department of environment (DOE). Undoubtly this value indicates that the SAF industry discharging a heavy pollution load into the Bhairab River. Some suggestions have also been recommended for minimizing the toxicity of the effluent.

02
Student Number	:	011033
Name of the Student	:	Md. Sharif Mahmood
Contact address	:	Village: Kumira                                         Post Office: Kumira                                         Police Station: Patkelghata                                         Upazila: Tala                                         District: Satkhira
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Md. Salequzzaman Professor
GIS Application for Site Suitability Analysis for Sustainable Coastal Shrimp Aquaculture in Bangladesh:  A Case Study in Burirdanga Union under Bagherhat District
Abstract
The coastal region of Bangladesh is rich in natural resources both quantitatively and qualitatively. These resources are situated within its wide space to support human endeavor need. However, most of these resources are confined in varieties of land forms. Shrimp aquaculture is one of such kind of resources which is now cultivating in almost all over the coastal areas of South-Western Bangladesh. Selection of appropriate location for shrimp aquaculture is therefore a prerequisite for its sustainability to avoid conflicts of the existing land use pattern and maximum sustainable yield. In this situation, the decision makers should encourage the techniques for development which is environmentally friendly and cost-effective. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) is a tool for the selection of appropriate resources in an appropriate position. The research finds out that the Coastal Shrimp aquaculture would be suitable within the existing shrimp aquaculture areas without affecting the environment, socio-economic situation, and other considerable factors. All these are measured qualitative and quantitative ways by using Geographical Information System (GIS). The research also finds out this suitable site for shrimp aquaculture, where tidal fluctuation, soil and water qualities and access way by road or river are available. In addition, the research also finds out that climatic, economic, biological and risk factors can be considered for evaluation if the area could be in large scale. Finally, the research recommends a policy framework to the decision- and policy-makers on how a suitable site could be selected for the sustainable shrimp aquaculture in coastal Bangladesh.

02
Student Number	:	011034
Name of the Student	:	Bablu Mondal
Contact address	:	C/O: Nikhil Ranjan Mondal Village-Baruikati Post Office.-Bayarshing Thana- Dumuria District.-Khulna
Name of the Supervisor	:	MD. Nazim Uddin.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES DUE TO POLDERIZATION IN THE SOUTH-WEST COASTAL REGION OF BANGLADESH: A Case Study on Polder no-30 under Batiaghata Thana of Khulna District, Bangladesh.
Abstract
Salinity and tidal flooding were the major problems in the south-west coastal region in Bangladesh. To control these problems, Bangladesh water development board established polders and thus offered protection against tidal floods, salinity intrusion and sedimentation. Due to polderization salinity intrusion and tidal flooding are continuously decreased from 1961 to 2005. With the decreasing of tidal flooding and salinity, various changes are found in the environment. Mainly agricultural sector and socio-economic sector are changed drastically. Soil fertility has improved.  Existing land use pattern highly changed for this action. Total fallow lands have decreased from 11.7% to 0.23% and agricultural lands have also increased from 66.31% to 76.66%.  Crop productions have doubly increased. Cropping pattern has increased. Cropping intensity has also increased from 100% to 160%.  Home stead forest affected beneficially. Fish diversity is reduced gradually.  The present data shows that before polderization 34 fish species were present and this is reduced to 28 species after polderization. Fish species declined but the income from fishes has increased. Data analysis shows that with the decrease of salinity, from 1961 to 2005, fish diversity (H-) reduces 7.575907 to 7.042028. Number of livestocks and poultry has slightly decreased. Cultivated summer and winter vegetables have increased due to polderization. Before polderization 14 vegetable species were present and it is increased to 24 species after polderization. The employment opportunity for the people has increased. The total income of the people has increased 60% than income from before polderization. Transportation facility has also increased. So polderization affects on social environment drastically and the overall impact of polderization in the south-west coastal region is positive and its ensuring the economic development of the people in this region.

02
Student Number	:	011037
Name of the Student	:	Md. Ahasan Rakib
Contact address	:	C/O- Md. Minhaj Uddin                          Boro Mosjid Para                          Chuadanga.
Name of the Supervisor	:	Dr. Md. Salequzzaman Professor
VIRTUAL WATER FOOTPRINT OF PRAWN PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH:  A Case Study of Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Abstract
Water is essential for all lives including for human health and well-being, but a scarce resource around the world, particularly availability of consumable fresh water. Scarcity and misuse of fresh water pose a serious and growing threat to sustainable development of the country like Bangladesh and protection of its surrounding environment. Virtual water, the water that is used in the production process of an agricultural or industrial product is the water embedded in commodities- which pressures on water resources and development activities in the global, regional and local water markets. It links food availability in water rich regions with the amelioration of water deficits in water short regions via trade. Shrimp production is the second largest export sector of Bangladesh after ready made garments. Enormous amount of water is used in the production process of this product. This research found 113,989.119 and 66,254.587 liter water is used to produce only one kilogram giant fresh water prawn from natural and extensive farming system whereas only 34,231.778 liter water is required to produce it from improve-extensive culture system in Bangladesh. In the Fiscal Year 2004-05, Bangladesh exports 4,206.805 metric ton fresh water prawn only from Khulna region. While this product bring a significant amount of foreign currency, it also export huge amount of virtual water from Bangladesh. By conducting this research it is found that if all the fresh water prawn was being produced only from traditional system, around 488 Gm3 virtual water would be exported only from Khulna region in the Fiscal Year 2004-05 by this exportation. However, if this production comes from improve-extensive farming system, this figure would be only 146.55 Gm3. Therefore, it is now clear that how much water the country lost every year as a virtual form, although it can save a significant amount of water by using the improved technology. Again, as Prawn and Shrimp are the major exporting goods, but the country never thinking yet about the costs of virtual water trade this regard. Therefore, the policy-maker of the government of Bangladesh should think virtual water footprint as toll or other cost of fresh water prawn for the whole sustainability of prawn industry. Finally, the research will recommend a policy guideline for the sustainable prawn production and its associated industry of Bangladesh.