1.Solid waste management is considered as one of the most immediate and serious environmental problem confronting municipal authority.
2.In KCC area generates 455 tons waste per day, on which uncontrolled disposal wastes are 40-50%.
3.KCC authority has the main responsibility to manage whole of waste including solid waste.
4.But KCC has the constraints of waste dumping area with its increasing urbanized wastes.
5.Waste is directly related to the consumption of food and dumping to the land.
6.Ecological footprint of waste generation is the amount of biologically productive land (hector/capita) to assimilate the generated waste.
7.Ecological footprint of waste makes a relationship between two factors- the amount of land required to dispose and per capita generated waste.
Objective of the Study
The overall objective
“The development of a policy framework of sustainable solid waste management of KCC area by the concept of ecological footprint”.
The specific objectives
i)To know the existing solid waste management characteristics of Khulna city corporation area;
ii)To determine the ecological footprint of waste generation of KCC area by a specified mathematical tool;
iii) To recommend the way by which the ecological footprint of waste generation can be a very effective tool for sustainable waste management in KCC area.
Generalized Methods for Calculating Ecological Footprint of Waste Generation
To calculate the ecological footprint of waste generation, the generated waste are categorized as paper, plastic, glass, metal, and organic waste. footprint for each of this categorized waste have calculated by following formula
Energy land = World energy yield (m2/Mj). * energy intensity of waste (Mj/kg) * (amount of per capita waste,kg) * (1 – % of recycling of waste * % of energy saved from recycling).
Forest land = World average yield of round wood (m2 land/m3 paper) * ratio of round wood needed per unit paper (m3/ kg) * (amount of per capita waste / waste factor if needed) * (1 - % of recycling of paper * % of energy saved from recycling).
Built up land = Energy land required for waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area.
Ä Biologically productive land required for paper
Energy land = world energy yield * energy intensity of paper * (amount of per capita paper waste per year / waste factor of paper) * (1 – % of recycling of paper * % of energy saved from recycling)
Forest land = World average yield of round wood * ratio of round wood needed per unit paper * (amount of per capita paper waste per year / waste factor of paper) * (1 - % of recycling of paper * % energy saved from recycling)
Built up area = Energy land required for paper waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area
Biologically productive land required for plastic
Energy land = world energy yield * energy intensity of plastic * per capita amount of plastic waste per year (1- % of recycling of plastic waste*energy saved from recycling of glass waste)
Built up land =Energy land required for plastic waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area…
Biologically productive land required for glass
Energy land = world energy yield * energy intensity of glass* per capita amount of glass waste per year (1- % of recycling of glass waste*energy saved from recycling of glass waste)
Built up land = Energy land required for glass waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area…
Biologically productive land required for metal
Energy land = world energy yield * energy intensity of metal* per capita amount of metal waste per year (1- % of recycling of metal waste*energy saved from recycling of metal waste)
Built up land = Energy land required for metal waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area……
Biologically productive land required Organic waste (food)
Energy land = world energy yield * energy intensity of organic waste* per capita amount of organic waste per year * (1- % of recycling of organic waste*energy saved from recycling of organic waste)
Built up land = Energy land required for organic waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area..
To sum up the total land required for different waste categories get the biologically productive land for waste assimilation, that means the ecological footprint of waste generation.
Biologically productive land required Organic waste (food)
Energy land = world energy yield * energy intensity of organic waste* per capita amount of organic waste per year * (1- % of recycling of organic waste*energy saved from recycling of organic waste)
Built up land = Energy land required for organic waste * built up land footprint component of waste / (world average fossil fuel area of goods + world average fossil fuel area of waste) / primary biomass equivalence factor for built up area..
To sum up the total land required for different waste categories get the biologically productive land for waste assimilation, that means the ecological footprint of waste generation.
CONCLUSION
1.In KCC area the solid waste recycling rate is very low. Inorganic wastes are mainly recycled than organic.
2.Ecological footprint of waste generation in KCC is 0.88 hector / capita, which is very high comparison to the total ecological footprint of Bangladesh.
3.The ecological footprint provides the basis for any kind of management practices through knowing the exact land requirement for assimilating the waste. On this way it can be used as a sustainable waste management tool for KCC in resource recovery and efficient use of waste management option.
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